The Virology Department in a microbiological laboratory deals with the detection, identification, and quantification of viral infections.

It includes tests concerning the presence of viruses in blood or other biological fluids, either through antibodies or by direct detection of the viruses' genetic material.

Main tests included:

1. Molecular tests (PCR, RT-PCR, etc.):

   • HBV DNA (hepatitis B)

   • HCV RNA (hepatitis C)

   • HIV RNA

   • HPV DNA (human papillomavirus)

   • CMV DNA (cytomegalovirus)

   • EBV DNA (Epstein-Barr virus)

   • SARS-CoV-2 RNA

   • HSV 1/2 DNA (herpes simplex virus)

2. Serological tests (antibodies or antigens):

   • HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc (hepatitis B)

   • Anti-HCV

   • HIV 1/2 Ag/Ab

   • Anti-EBV IgM/IgG

   • Anti-CMV IgM/IgG

   • Rubella IgM/IgG

   • Toxoplasma IgM/IgG

   • Anti-HSV IgM/IgG

   • Anti-HPV (in specialized cases)

3. Genotyping tests (in specialized laboratories):

   • Viral genotyping (e.g., HCV, HPV)

   • Resistance to antiviral drugs (e.g., HIV)

The Virology Department is crucial for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of viral infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, blood donors, and patients with chronic hepatitis.